Supporting Organization Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supporting Organization Strategies - Essay Example The strategies enhance the organization's competitive advantage in the market place. (Pfeffer, 1998).By implementing these strategies the companies can be sure of maintaining a good status in the market and improving in their business in spite of any odds. It is difficult for any organization to enhance or improve the human resources without the help of any specific strategy. The organizations must employ certain unique strategies that will help in the development as well as growth of the company. Human resource management comprises of various functions like recruiting the employees, maintaining the details pertaining to them and conducting training sessions. The other activities include rating of employee's performance, conducting appraisals and resolving their issues. Pfeffer's strategies have become so popular that even a smaller organization implements it to expand their business. The strategies include employment security, selectivity in recruiting and selection, self-managed teams and decentralization, high compensation, extensive training and skill development. The other strategies are information sharing and reduced status distinctions and barriers. The selectivity in recruiting and selection is important for an organization. If the employees are not selected properly it will lead to severe consequences. This can turn the situation of the organization upside down. If the company is going through a bad phase, the selection of a correct candidate can certainly improve the prevailing situation. Instead if right candidate is not chosen, the situation will get even worse and this will eventually affect the improvement of the organization. The selection of a potential candidate can change the fate of the organization. The capable employees can make a considerable difference on the present scenario of the organization. The selection of a candidate can make or break the way to company's reputation.(Pfeffer, 1998). Human resource department is responsible for the recruitment of the candidates. They have the responsibility of selecting the candidates who possess all the abilities. The selection procedure must be decided by the human resource organization. It must be effective enough to select a candidate with the right attitude and talent. The selection procedure must include different types of Recruitment is not an easy task and the organization must be prepared well in advance. The necessary arrangements must be made to select the candidates. The recruitment panel must consist of people who are well equipped and they must have the capability to select the right candidate. This strategy must be implemented in an organization to improve the company's situation. Selecting a right candidate will improve the profits of the company since the employees will work efficiently. This will also help in the improvement of the quality of the company's products. Dynamic workers will contribute to the betterment of the company and this in turn will reflect in the major work of the organization. The human resource department has to select the candidate according to the position. It depends on the requirements of the organizatio

Read, The Master Builder by Ibsen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Read, The Master Builder by Ibsen - Essay Example Ibsens the Master Builder was written during the late period of Ibsens life and reflects the more symbolic aspects of these works. Even as the Master Builder has been classified within the symbolic spectrum of Ibsens ouevre, his underlining realist prose reveals a number of direct themes. In examining the Master Builder a number of notable questions are necessary to consider within the context of the work. This essay examines the Master Builder, considering whether the story of Halvard Solness can be considered a tragedy, and whether the conclusion of the play is inevitable. In considering whether the story of Halvard Solness is a tragedy its necessary to consider the various aspects of his life that contribute to both sides of this argument. In the first act, Ibsens Master Builder begins through establishing the dynamics of the main characters. Ibsen indicates that while Rangnar and Kaia are scheduled to be married, Halvard is indicated to have a relationship with Kaia such that she is hesitant of her marriage to Rangnar because of her feelings for Solness. In addition to this relationship, Ibsen established one of the prevailing plot elements throughout the play – the need for Solness to approve Rangnars plans before Rangnars father Brovik passes away from his unspecified illness. In these regards, Brovik himself visits Solness to ask him for his aid to which Solness refuses to help. The reason Ibsen explores these narrative elements is to establish much of the complications regarding Solness life, as they point towards Solness living a duplici tous and somewhat morally unstable existence. They also demonstrate that Solness has had a number of elements in his life that have had a positive effect. For instance, Brovik states, â€Å"that did not prevent you from setting to work – and pushing your way up and taking the wind out of my sails – mine, and so many other peoples† to which Solness responds, â€Å"Yes, you see – circumstances favored me†

A History of Elizabethan Theatre Essay Example for Free

A History of Elizabethan Theatre Essay * Stage Shape and Configuration: The size of amphitheatre varied up to 100 feet in diameter. The stage shape was octagonal, circular in shape having between 8 and 24 sides. The open air arena, called the pit or the yard, had a raised stage at one end and was surrounded by three tiers of roofed galleries with balconies overlooking the back of the stage. The stage projected halfway into the pit. The Stage dimensions varied from 20 foot wide 15 foot deep to 45 feet to 30 feet. The height of the raised stage was 3 to 5 feet and supported by large pillars. The floor of the Stage was made of wood. The rear of the stage was a roofed house-like structure, supported by two large columns. * Scenery: Elizabethan stages were sparser in terms of decoration when compared to the equivalent in later eras, but items such as furniture, including pieces like tables and thrones, were used to embellish a scene. In some cases, more elaborate sets were used; these included grassy banks, gallows frames and caves * Costumes: The costumes used in Shakespeares theater companies were perhaps one of the most effective forms of props employed, allowing actors to reflect changes in character and even gender with relative ease. Many of these costumes captured the historical setting of specific Shakespearean plays; for example, togas and breastplates were worn in performances of Titus Andronicus. Make-up, along with female clothing was used to depict women characters, since Elizabethan laws forbade women to act on stage. * Lighting: There was natural lighting as plays were produced in the afternoon. However there was some artificial lighting mainly intended to provide atmosphere for night scenes. * Sound: Musicians were used for music. Music was an extra effect added in the 1600s. The musicians would also reside in the Lords rooms (best seats in the house). * Special Effects: Sometimes stage props served to recreate some special effect. Examples included fireworks, which were set off to replicate lightning in outdoor scenes, and actual pistols without the bullets which would be shot whenever military salutes or fighting needed to be shown. Even animals, such as dogs, were brought on stage in Shakespearean plays because creating a fake animal would have been more difficult. Trap doors would enable some special effects e.g. smoke. * Other Important Conventions:

International Human Resource Management At Iceland Business Essay

International Human Resource Management At Iceland Business Essay Current business changes have also led to difference in viewpoint and opinion of strategists who now believe that HRM and Personnel management are two completely different scenarios where HRM is a broader concept mainly responsible for managing a large number of manpower for efficient working of the firm. On the contrary Personnel management is more inclined towards supervision and administration related to payroll and legal scenarios of labour employment. Looking at the working environment of Iceland and other food companies, the difference between personnel management and human resources is quite clear. In the sense that, Human resource management of Iceland encompasses and promotes personnel management tasks and also develops and groom the workforce for attaining maximum efficiency and improving the working of the organization. As personnel management is reactive, human resource management is proactive, involving a holistic approach to continuous development of employee skills to handle personnel related tasks and activities A major difference between the two lies in the fact that personnel management is responsible for employee satisfaction which is realized through incentives , bonuses, rewards etc whereas HRM practice in the firm works on the ground that enhanced performance of employees through challenging work, job creativity etc leads to employee satisfaction. HR Specialists Role and Responsibilities HR specialists are quite influential and have a unique role in managing the human workforce of the firm. Iceland too recognizes the importance of a HR specialist who is mainly responsible to attain and extract the maximum potential and capacity through the firms human workforce. They are involved in functions of staffing, training and development, labor relations etc. on the whole a HR strategists role can be categorized under three main heads, the strategic process, the legal aspects and the operational aspects (Carolyn W, 1992). Under strategic process, HR specialists are involved in: Strategic planning They perform the role of a consultant who advices the management in all key areas A diagnostician who identifies the various loopholes and recommends necessary action for the same innovator/change agent who implements the dynamic changes in the corporate practices of the firm A catalyst who triggers the positive areas of business A cost manager who minimizes cost and maximizes returns. Under legal process, HR specialist performs the role of: Auditor/controller who assesses the companys personnel policies and strategies A consultant who advices the company on personnel matters and issues related to employment laws and other areas A conciliator who acts as a peace maker and negotiator for resolving conflicts and issues arising between different employees and existing workforce (Carolyn W, 1992). From operational perspective, HR specialist Deals with handling daily operations such as staffing, compensation, appraisal, rewards etc Interface between employees and management regarding the framing of employee policies and procedures Coordinating and motivating employees (Carolyn W, 1992). 1.3 Line Managers are Responsible to Manage People at Work Line managers have a special role to play in managing people as they reside in the lower layers of management hierarchy and deal with people who have no obligation or any sort of managerial responsibility (Hutchinson S HYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htmHYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htm Purcell J, 2003). Line managers execute a critical role in implementing HR policies and strategies. Their role revolves around: Managing people effectively Minimizing operational costs to maximum possible extent Extending and forwarding technical advice and guidance Assigning work and allocating tasks Continuous monitoring and supervising work Detect errors and take prompt corrective actions Handling customers effectively Setting standards for measuring operational performance of the firm When it comes to managing people effectively, line managers perform vital functions such as Performance appraisal of employees Imparting training and counselling to new recruits and existing workforce Maintaining proper communication and employee involvement Maintaining work life balance etc Giving due recognition to employees (HYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htmHutchinson S HYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htmHYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htm Purcell J, 2003) Thus well managed front line managers help in leading high productive and high performing workforce. It is the organizations and senior management responsibility to promote and support capable and efficient line managers by clearly drafting their role and responsibility. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS Human Resource Planning Process in Iceland Iceland being one of the renowned frozen food chains depends a lot on the human resource department which is well managed through s systematic human resources planning process that helps in anticipating the end results of the applied business strategy in regard to the firm human resources. The HR planning also involves the need of required workforce with special skill and competencies to perform the necessary tasks and activities. The Iceland human resource planning process involves the following steps: Analyzing the already existing organizational plans Secondly to forecast the demand of the total headcounts required in the firm Then forecasting the supply, that is obtaining data about current human resource present in the market and future changes Fourthly, the net human resource requirements are finalized considering all the departments of the firm After which, the deployments, retrenchments etc are taken into consideration and future demand is planned In case future deficits are confronted, reference plans are also chalked out. Lastly, the plan to modify and adjust the organizational plan in accordance with the market changes is also taken into account. Analysis After analyzing the human resource planning process of Iceland Company, it can be deducted that the information system regarding human resources is still inadequate. The internal deficiencies are well accounted for but the external market changes are not acknowledged such as the labour market, the current trends in human resources etc are not well adapted into the human resource system. Thus, the global perspective needs to be included in the entire process for giving the procedure a holistic view. The stages involved in the planning process in Iceland consist of: 2.2 Link Between Human Resource Planning and Organization Structured Process. The human resource planning of the firm has a deep impact on the structure of the organization, the needed information and the three stages including strategic, intermediate and operational levels of the planning process in various forms which involve: Organizations work culture is affected if things are taken in a casual and unsystematic manner such as a distance is created between the key decision makers and the workforce, secondly senior management no more remains trustworthy, reduces the contribution from the workforce in terms of creativity, risk taking, new talent is reluctant to be a part of the company, the image of the company is hindered, infact the entire process is impeded. The human resource succession planning is affected which may further lead to improper promotions or demotions, team evaluation, inappropriate performance reviews leads to hindered employee development etc. The operation costs are intensely affected by human resource decisions such as high turnover cost, replacement cost, slack time , hampered motivation, restructuring of employee cost, health cost , increase in insurance costs etc Ultimately the workforce is affected which in turn has an impact on the organizations working and performance such as reduced productivity, sub standard customer service quality etc. 2.3 Interview Selection Technique Evaluation Most of the organizations depend mainly on the interview technique to select the required workforce. Iceland is also one of them where potential candidates are screened and selected by conducting various interviews at different stages of selection process. Iceland is now the only food retailer recognized among the best 25 companies of UK having more than 200 stores running in different countries. Such wide network requires huge labour that is selected after conducting various interviews such as: Preliminary interview Core interview Decision Making Interview Various levels of interviewing help the organization to extract the best talent from the market as the initial rounds help to better general interaction with the candidate and judge his suitability for the job. Many candidates who are not suitable for the organization and its work culture are eliminated right in the beginning of the process that saves a considerable amount of time and cost to the company. Selection by Invitation: one of the methods of selection could be inviting the key executives of competitors by constantly observing their performance and offering them attractive incentives and benefits. Such technique helps in saving tremendous cost and time to the company and attracting the best and experienced candidates. Leasing: Company may benefit by leasing that is employee expert and depute the employees to the needy companies on a lease basis. In regard to which the leasing company charges a reasonable amount. Such kind of activity helps the organization to utilize the resources in the best optimum manner and select candidates as and when required without much hassles. 360Â ° Selection Programme: Involvement of subordinates, employees working at the same level of job are better in determining the skills, knowledge and performance of potential candidates as they are accustomed and tuned to the specific job environment. A 360Â ° appraisal is the best fit between the job and the candidate and at the same time lessens the burden of the superior administrators as well. Thus the above procedure and techniques can help Iceland to put into practice a rigorous and dynamic selection process for attracting the best talent within the organization. The core interviewing is conducted for potential candidates where major emphasis lie on stress interview and probing technique as the candidates are required to deal with customers of various nature and temperament. Depth interviews are also considered where special skills of candidates are examined by judging critical answers to posed questions. Such drilling exercise helps in understanding the mental capacity of individual to handle stress and intense situations. The candidates behaviour during the interview process is a good criteria to determine his reasoning and analytical abilities. Finally the decision making or the final interview is conducted whereby the top authorities or managers examine the interest level of the candidates for the job and find about his acceptance and decide whether to select the candidate or not. Icelands interviewing process is rigorous and in-depth which eliminates the changes of wrong decisions and adding extra cost to the company. Various aspects of interviewing are taken into account which renders the entire process a structured approach. The company is able to select the best pool of talent through its own skills and capabilities. Alternative methods of selection Selection by Invitation: one of the methods of selection could be inviting the key executives of competitors by constantly observing their performance and offering them attractive incentives and benefits. Such technique helps in saving tremendous cost and time to the company and attracting the best and experienced candidates. Leasing: Company may benefit by leasing that is employee expert and depute the employees to the needy companies on a lease basis. In regard to which the leasing company charges a reasonable amount. Such kind of activity helps the organization to utilize the resources in the best optimum manner and select candidates as and when required without much hassles. 360Â ° Selection Programme: Involvement of subordinates, employees working at the same level of job are better in determining the skills, knowledge and performance of potential candidates as they are accustomed and tuned to the specific job environment. A 360Â ° appraisal is the best fit between the job and the candidate and at the same time lessens the burden of the superior administrators as well. Thus the above procedure and techniques can help Iceland to put into practice a rigorous and dynamic selection process for attracting the best talent within the organization. 2.4 Recruitment and Selection Process of Iceland Iceland is regarded to be one of the highest rated among the big companies to hire the best talent available and provide complete staff satisfaction like pay and benefits. The practices and procedures adopted in the selection process by the company are best taking into perspective the legal framework as well. The recruitment and selection procedures of the firm comply with the IPCCs diversity policy which includes the requirement of the following acts: The Sex Discrimination Act, 1975 The Race Relation Act, (1976, 2003) The disability Discrimination Act, 1995 The Employment Equality(Sexual Orientation) Regulation, 2003 The Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulation, 2003 (IPCC, retrieved on 17th September, 2010) All interviews are conducted by authorized panel who design competency based questions. Proper pre and post arrangements for interviews are made and decisions for appointment are based on the content, qualification, performance and the right to work norms in the UK (IPCC, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ZzAuwNGdp24J:www.ipcc.gov.uk/foi/agreed_recruitment_and_selection_policy-4.pdf+legal+requirements+of+selection+in+UKhlthHYPERLINK http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ZzAuwNGdp24J:www.ipcc.gov.uk/foi/agreed_recruitment_and_selection_policy-4.pdf+legal+requirements+of+selection+in+UKhl September, 2010) . Proper reference and security checks and clearances are made. Iceland follows complete legal norms to select candidates, hence no major discrepancies are found in the selection procedure. PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR MONITORING AND REWARDING EMPLOYEES 3.1 Iceland Job Evaluation Process Job evaluation is conducted in the firm in order to rank the jobs on the basis of certain duties, responsibilities and performance attached with the job. In accordance to which the pay package is designed and defined keeping the minimum and maximum limits intact. Information about every job type is retrieved through the medium of job analysis questionnaire, job descriptions, observations and interviews involving 360 Â ° selection processes. Based on the above information, each job is rated based on evaluation factors which comprise of: Education Experience (Technical and Commercial) Problem Solving Impact Physical Effort Executive ability Analytical skills Complexity of job Iceland makes use of both the Non quantitative techniques as well the Quantitative Techniques of job evaluation such as the Ranking Methods including paired comparison, simple ranking, points rating method as well. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. Such kind of evaluation process is logical and objective in nature as it helps to include the newly created job in the pre existing structure of the firm. The undesirable factors of evaluation are eliminated such as fluctuations in market rate etc and help to attain fair wage and uniformity in fixing wages for all employees. Maximum employee satisfaction is realized by maintaining wage equity and sound evaluation structure. 3.2 Reward System There are different reward systems that can be linked to the organizational compensation packages offered by Iceland to boost up the morale and productivity of employees (Stockley D. 2006)HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=enq=Motivation+and+financial+and+non-. Monetary Reward System Payment for unproductive work in form of Hours of work Paid holidays Paid vacations Security of employees Retrenchment compensation Lay off Compensation Safety and Health Workmens Compensation Health Benefits Welfare Recreational Facilities Canteen Benefit Housing Benefit Legal Aid Holiday Homes Educational Benefit Transportation benefit Old Age and Retirement Benefits Provident Fund Insurance Gratuity Medical benefits Non Monetary Reward Treats Free Meals Festival bashes Dinners Knick Knacks Accessories Planners Recognition Letters of appreciation Plaques Social Acknowledgement Informal Recognition Solicitation of advice Memberships On the Job Benefit Enhanced responsibility Job rotation Training Special tasks All the above rewards in some form or the other have a deep impact on the performance of employees as: Positive Impact Employees are motivated to work to the best of their potential Build self esteem and confidence Increased loyalty Easy acceptance to change Close bondage between company and self Negative Impact Demotivational impact on employees under conditions of biasness Short sightedness Unhealthy competition 3.3 Motivation Theory and Icelands Reward System Icelands reward system could be directly linked to the Adams Equity Theory of Motivation which believes that the factors of motivation can affect the performance of employees and their relationship with the employer as well (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The theory is based on the belief that if the employees inputs are more in comparison to the benefits or rewards derived, it can lead to employee dissatisfaction and reduced productivity. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. 3.4 Iceland Monitoring Strategy Iceland has a well planned strategy to monitor the performance of employees that includes: Reviewing work of employees on a consistent basis Regularly observing the activities of employees and guiding them when require Preparing charts, records and using techniques for measuring performance Encouraging self reporting by employees Timely redressal of complaints and issues for uninterrupted performance The latest methods of performance monitoring are adopted by the company such as the Balanced Scorecard method that involves a holistic approach of monitoring by taking into various perspectives such as customer perspective, financial perspective, training and development perspective and innovative aspect as well. After defining the various factors on which the performance is analyzed such as efficiency, growth, training, development, productivity, behaviour, relations, creativity and innovation at work etc, methods such as Gantt chart is prepared this is a pictorial description of employees performance. Thus, a comprehensive performance analysis is conducted by Iceland which helps to depict a fair view of efforts put in by candidates. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. 4. EXIT FROM THE ORGANIZATION 4.1 Employee exit procedure in Iceland On the contrary, when the exit procedure of Iceland was compared with ASDA it was found that the above procedure was quite similar to ASDA, however ASDA adopts an in-depth interview procedure with extra steps such as analysis of exit interview, reasons for absenteeism, Work Interview, analysis of labour turnover, comprehensive Exit Interview Data analysis judging the company benefits provided etc Analysis The organizations have drafted suitable exit procedures in order to determine the reasons for employee exits, yet they cant be termed as best. They are scope for improvement and modification as little emphasis is laid on the employee background and his contribution towards the organization. A fair view can be extracted only when organizational inputs and employee outputs are compared. Thus while studying about the exit analysis, managers should also emphasize on the employee relations with the firm and subordinates. On the whole, the procedure adopted is satisfactory and solves the purpose for the same. Employee Redundancy Redundancy is a situation when the organization , Iceland for this case decides to dismiss an employee on the basis of ceased business or intended to cease the area of business where the concerned dismiss employee was employed. For the redundancy to actually be called legal, it is necessary that the employee under question must completely vanish. If the organization declares any candidate redundant, it is liable to pay the necessary statutory payment in regard to it. Iceland has adopted certain criterias for declaring an employee redundant, they are: Dismissal cant be on grounds of individual capability but organizational circumstances When certain specific designations are no longer required in the company along with reasons for decease or reduction in business process In the course of a business slow down When a specific business line is altogether eliminated from the organizations business portfolio If the employees who are to be redundant are more than twenty, then the matter is to be put forward for consultation with the employees representative before making a final decision Reasons for selecting few employees from the group for redundancy The selection criteria is not based on any unfair means such as race, age, sex or any disability Conclusion Iceland has been able to formulate a systematic and well organized human resource management policy and strategy in the organization, keeping into consideration all the details right from human resource planning to redundancy. Their recruitment and selection criteria are as per the norms of the UK government and in accordance with the legal requirements as well. The company aims to impart maximum employee satisfaction in all respects.

Julius Caesar Essay: Reaching from the Grave -- Julius Caesar Essays

Reaching from the Grave of Julius Caesar It is assumed that the title of a work should reflect the nature of its content. The title should relate to the to the central influence which controls the flow of the work. Shakespeare's Julius Caesar seems to contradict that convention. Caesar meets his bloody end at the hands of conspirators in the first scene of Act III, barely halfway through the play. He is not the tragic hero; that distinction lies with Brutus and Cassius, around whom the play revolves before and after the assassination. This essay will show that although Caesar is not the hero of this tragedy, he certainly is the title character. Like the storm in the first scene of The Tempest, Caesar's victory over Pompey at the beginning of Julius Caesar sets the workings of the plot into motion. The plebians and senators become increasingly separated in their loyalties. In a time of brutal civil war, the plebians feel they need a single strong ruler such as Caesar. The senators, on the other hand, fear that he might become ambitious and continue killing off his competition, i.e., the senators themselves. At the celebration of Caesar's victory, Brutus remarks, "What means this shouting? I do fear the people choose Caesar for their king" (I.ii.78-79). Cassius turns bitter towards Caesar, because he thinks Caesar is physically weak, and deserves none of the praise that the public heaps upon him. Very early on, Cassius mistrusts Caesar, and becomes just as ambitious himself as he fears Caesar to be. Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world Like a Colossus, and we petty men Walk under his huge legs and peep about To find ourselves dishonorable graves. Men at some time... ...art mighty yet! Thy spirit walks abroad, and turns our swords in our own proper entrails" (V.iii.94-96). Scene v shows Brutus finally giving in and joining his fellow senators in death, unable to bear the grief of their loss nor the guilt at killing Caesar in the first place. Thus Caesar, though dead and physically gone, remains a powerful presence throughout the second half of the play. The guilt that he inspires in the conspirators, and the vengeance he stirs up among the plebians, force the play to its tragic conclusion. This is the only way that Julius Caesar can remain the title character, by maintaining a powerful influence throughout the play, whether dead or alive. Shakespeare called the play Julius Caesar not because Caesar is the tragic hero, but because it is Caesar's ambition, his downfall, and his presence after death which cause the tragedy to occur.

Nicotine Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the world today, Nicotine is one of the most frequently used addictive drugs. The impact it has on society is like no other. It is one of more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke of tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. This addictive drug is the primary component in tobacco that acts on the brain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tobacco can be found two ways, it can be dried brown leaves of various sizes or it can be a grown form of tobacco. When extracted from the leaves, nicotine is colorless, but quickly turns brown when exposed to air. It then becomes a poisonous, pale yellow, oily liquid with a pungent odor and acrid taste. The amount of nicotine contained in tobacco leaves ranges from 2% to 7%.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are four ways in which you can use tobacco. They are cigarette smoke, dry or wet snuff, and chewing tobacco. The cigarette smoke is inhaled through the mouth. Most cigarettes in the US contain 10 milligrams or more of the nicotine. Since most of the nicotine is destroyed by the heat of burning the actual concentration of nicotine in smoke is low. So, when inhaling the smoke you actually only take in 1 to 2 mg of nicotine per cigarette. Nicotine is absorbed through the skin, lining of the mouth and nose, or by inhalation in the lungs. Depending on how the tobacco is ta ken, nicotine can reach peak levels in the bloodstream and brain rapidly. Cigarette smoking, for example, results in quick dis...

Performance Management Essay

Overview Welcome to Module 1. If you have not already done so, read the Program Manual located in the Reference Material section of the CMA Canada Professional Programs website. It provides you with important introductory information about the program. In Module 1 of the program, candidates are exposed to many functional competencies from the CMA Competency Map that involve decision making regarding performance management, performance measurement, risk management and governance, and financial reporting. For assistance when doing their assignments in these areas, candidates are expected to draw on many of their intermediate and advanced management and financial accounting concepts they learned in their university courses and/or in the Accelerated Program. For instance, in this assignment, one of the concepts involves Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis. In these types of analysis, candidates may be asked to look at how profits and costs change with a change in volume, or a change in such factors as variable costs, fixed costs, selling prices, and mix of products sold. By studying the relationships of costs, sales and net income, management is better able to cope with many planning decisions. Candidates who have difficulty doing this assignment or future assignments regarding CVP are encouraged to review Chapters 11 and 12 from the Horngren et al. required reading mentioned below. As candidates gain more work experience, they will be exposed to a number of organizational concerns in the topic areas outlined above. For instance, candidates may be asked to provide analysis on such items as: 1. Preparing reports on a product or geographic segment to determine where the organization generates cash and profits; 2. Evaluating strategic alternatives in one’s organization using cost-benefit and scenario/sensitivity analysis; 3. Determining the effectiveness of costing systems for their appropriateness for an organization; Â © 2012 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved. Â ®/â„ ¢ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. 4. Introducing the main concepts of strategy to facilitate an understanding of the big picture; 5. Constructing and analyzing a cash flow statement to determine cash needs; 6. Looking at different short-term investment strategies as a means to effectively utilize excess cash; 7. Examining the effectiveness of internal control systems within an organization; 8. Reporting results using GAAP or a disclosed basis of accounting; and 9. Analyzing a company’s various product lines. Management accountants are often called upon to provide the analysis required for pricing decisions, such as cost-volume-profit, product costing, expected value, break even, contribution margin, and sensitivity analyses. Proper and accurate analysis is critical if management is to make well-informed decisions. Using the Right Financial Analysis Tool Candidates will oftentimes find themselves constrained by space (word/page limits) and/or time when doing their assignments. A critical outcome of analyzing cases is learning to use financial analysis tools under the appropriate circumstances. Selecting the right tool has the effect of demonstrating both good judgement (in terms of the candidate’s ability to select an appropriate tool) and conciseness (in presenting the information in a professional manner without burdening the reader with non-important information). Below are some examples that help to demonstrate how selecting the right tool for the right circumstance is critical to complete assignments in a quick and efficient manner. While the examples demonstrate the use of one tool, note that other tools may be just as effective. Given two scenarios and asked to provide an analysis between them, candidates could analyze them by forecasting the full income statement for both. While this is a valid approach, it takes a significant amount of time and requires the use of valuable report space that could be better used with the selection of a different tool. It may be more appropriate under these circumstances to identify only those relevant revenues and costs and compare those. For a more in-depth discussion of the differences between the two approaches, see pages 422-423 in Chapter 11 of Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (Required Readings listed below). Specifically, Exhibit 11-2 on page 423 demonstrates the visual difference between the two approaches. Oftentimes contribution margin calculations can be used to drastically reduce both the time it takes to analyze a problem and the space required to show the analysis. This type of analysis may apply to analyze individual products, divisions or customer groups. This tool can allow one to present the analysis information in a much more concise way. Discounting is another tool that can be used to analyze various scenarios. Again, one could prepare a financial forecast for both scenarios and discount those accordingly. However, a more efficient method would be to select only the relevant revenues and/or costs for preparation and discounting. This tool is particularly useful when looking at scenarios that create different multi-year impacts or that need to be evaluated over a period of time. Candidates are encouraged to review Chapters 11 and 12 in Horngren et al. (Required Readings listed below) for more examples on tool selection. Learning to identify the relevant information can drastically reduce both the time spent on the analysis and the space required to report it. In this assignment, candidates are specifically directed to do only certain steps of the Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy. This case-solving approach was first introduced to candidates at the Orientation Session. As mentioned at the Orientation, these steps provide candidates with a systematic approach for addressing a case involving business-level and corporate-level strategic issues. The first three modules (Development Phase) of the CMA Canada Professional Programs prepare candidates for the Case Examination and focus on the business-level strategic issues. Applying this approach effectively is one of the important competencies that candidates will learn in the Professional Programs. Reference Documents To assist candidates with case analysis, a series of reference documents have been created and can be found in the Reference Material section of the Professional Programs website. The most important documents include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy General Assessment Guide Business Report Guidelines Format Specifications There are other documents such as Situational Analysis Tools, Developing an Implementation Plan and Pro Forma Financial Statements. Candidates should find these documents very useful throughout the program. Learning Outcomes By the end of the assignment, candidates will be able to recommend strategies and tactics to a company that is in a downturn scenario. Due Date Please refer to the Schedule accessed from the left navigation menu.

Understanding BIOS/POST Essay

The next few pages will consist of two tasks that involve solving problems with the BIOS (basic input/output system) and how to secure the computer for viruses. Task one asks about a series of beeps provided by two different BIOS; the AMI and the Phoenix. Through the beeps we must figure out what error the BIOS are giving us. Task two is all about the fire walls and ways to protect your computer and the different firewalls that protect the entire computer or just that specific piece. The POST or power on self-test is performed by the BIOS on start up. Keywords: BIOS, POST Understanding BIOS/POST The most crucial component on a motherboard is the BIOS. The BIOS is what makes a computer a functioning and operational piece of equipment instead of a bunch of molded plastic. It preforms basic start-up functions along with running the POST to make sure the key components of the computer are performing properly. When it comes to the firewall on the computer, it protects the operating system from foreign elements that could harm it. In task one, we analyzed of the beeps to find the problem on the BIOS. According to www.bioscentral.com, 6 short beeps on the AMI BIOS, translate to gate A20 failure. The keyboard controller IC has failed, which is not allowing Gate A20 to switch the processor to protected mode. In order to fix the problem replace the keyboard controller. When it comes to the Phoenix BIOS; the error code message translates â€Å"first 64KB logic failure. Description is the first RAM control logic has failed. Task two as determined by http://home.mcafee.com/advicecenter/ â€Å"For the sake of simplicity, think of hardware firewalls as specialized network boxes that contain customized hardware and software. When properly configured, hardware firewalls provide a protective barrier that hides an organization’s internal PCs from the outside world. They can also shield one company department (say, finance) from another (say, human resources). In many cases, hardware firewalls are great solutions for organizations that want a single security umbrella that protects multiple systems. For this very reason, most FORTUNE  500 networks have hardware firewalls in place. So what’s the downside? Since they are specialized devices, hardware firewalls tend to be expensive, complicated, difficult to upgrade, and tricky to configure. In other words, they are best reserved for IT managers who are specially trained to install, configure, and monitor such devices. Low-end hardware firewalls, now found in network switches and routers for the home, also have their limitations. If you take a personal laptop on the road, for instance, your system is no longer protected by the home-based firewall .† In contrast to their hardware cousins, software firewalls are more ideal for individual users or small businesses that have dial-up or broadband Internet connections. Instead of using a custom (and often expensive) piece of hardware, a software firewall installs on an individual’s PC, notebook, or workgroup server. Even if an organization has hardware firewalls in place, it’s wise for individuals to use software firewalls on their own systems. The main reason: software firewalls are especially convenient for mobile workers who need digital security when working outside of the corporate network. That’s because the entire security solution is, in essence, a single application running on one’s computer. Another major benefit, software firewalls are easily upgraded. Users simply download patches, fixes, updates, and enhancements from the firewall provider’s web site, or the provider sends these improvements via the Internet.† http://home.mcafee.co m/advicecenter/?id=ad_ost_hvsf&ctst=1 References http://home.mcafee.com/advicecenter/?id=ad_ost_hvsf&ctst=1. www.bioscentral.com

Vacant Chapter 11 Time

I drive and can't help that my emotions are all over the place. I'm angry because I've been living in exile from the one†¦ The one person who gives a shit whether I live or die†¦ I left her alone to fend for herself. I take my rage out on the steering wheel before pulling over; I need a minute to collect myself. Two minutes. Five†¦ It takes me half an hour before I'm calm enough to continue driving, but I rush because I want to get back to her. I want to touch her, be with her. I realize how fundamentally wrong I've been about my feelings for her. While I thought I was doing what was best for Emily, I never considered that I was really just protecting myself. I hadn't taken her feelings into account. I hadn't thought about what I was doing to her by leaving†¦and in the same accord, making her declaration of love, trivial. The anger fades and misery takes its place. I'm sad because I miss her. I need her more than air. I need air, and I need Emily. Air is so much easier. Before long, fear sets in. What if she isn't there when I get back? Why would she be? I left her by herself for six days after I swore I'd take care of her. I think about what I did as I continue down the lonely stretch of highway. I worked so hard to separate myself from the drama and emotions of everyday life realizing I haven't been living at all. I think of all the time I've wasted; all the time I could have been with her – been with her†¦ Her legs are bare and slender. I imagine what's just beyond the small rectangle of terry cloth. Her hair tickles the tops of her breasts, teasing me with what's just beyond the knot of the towel. One small flick and she'd be naked before me, her body as fantastic as I've always imagined. My foot pushes a little harder on the accelerator as my frustration builds. I'm tired and feeling the effects of driving ten hours straight. As I consider pulling over, the guilt seeps in again. I've already been away from her for too long. I can't stand to be apart from Emily any longer, but the seconds continue to tick by and I can't seem to get there fast enough. I push on, despite being a danger to others on the road due to my exhaustion. I see a gas station ahead, and force myself off the road and into the brightly lit convenience store. After hours of lonesome interstate travel, the intense glow of the fluorescent lights hurts my eyes, and only serves to remind me of the dim nature of my existence without Emily. I make quick work of refueling the car and myself and then rejoin the blacktop. Finally, finally, I see the mile marker indicating my journey is almost over, an hour to go before I'm back with Emily. Anxiety weighs heavily on me because I think I could have gotten here faster; what if she just left? What if she's been waiting for the last week and that was her limit? I shouldn't have left in the first place. I should have told her how I felt so we could be living a happily ever after. Regret won't change things, though. It doesn't serve any purpose now. I pass the city limits sign, and a smile spreads across my face. I'm happy and hopeful. A hundred and one scenarios play out in my head as to how Emily will react when she sees me. She throws open the screen door and rushes towards me. I catch her in my arms and spin her around. I tell her I love her and want to spend eternity with her. She smiles and says she wants the same thing†¦ We barely make it to the bedroom before I fully make her mine†¦ I open the door and call her name but no one answers. All her things are gone, and she's nowhere to be found†¦ As I make my way up the walk, she stops me and tells me she doesn't ever want to see me again. That I broke her heart and I'm a fuck-up she wants nothing to do with†¦ I'm brought out of my thoughts as a car horn blares behind me. Dawn has broken and there is slight traffic moving about. I'm not sure how long I've been sitting at the stop sign on the corner before the car behind me demands attention. It's now or never, and never isn't an option. I stand at the door, my door – her door – ready to knock. It occurs to me how odd this is; I'm about to knock on my own door. Suddenly, I'm embarrassed. I look down and my clothes are dirty and unkempt. I smell – it's been two days since I've cleaned up at all. How can I look her in the eye, kiss her lips, hug her body, when I look and smell like a homeless man? I am homeless, though. Without her, without her love and care and warm eyes, I'm a man with a heart that has no home. So I knock.

Composition About Film Essay

The film that I saw last week is about the dangerous art of extraction valuable secrets from deep within the subconscious during sleep, when the mind is most vulnerable. The main character of the film called Cobb. He is a talented thief, the best of the best in his work. At the beginning of the film we see Cobb’s dream in which he with his wife lived in their town that they create alone in unexpected for me and I was surprising when I saw how in our dream we can see people who not existent in the reality. Then the point is that Cobb’s command received the proposition to change some events in the life of one of the richest company in the world. They had to do that this company fell down and other man who managing other company could be the first and control others. If Cobb, and his command do this he promise Cobb to help him with law, because as we know he was a thief and all police search him and that’s why he can’t returned home to his children. For this work he must to find a new architecture, because without him it will be not possible. Architect – a specialist defining illusory world for another dream. The purpose of the architect when extracting – designed sleep so sleep could not distinguish it from reality and create a sleeping most complex maze of sleep, from which the victim could not easily escape. The complexity of this work was that this dream consisted of three levels, that is to say they must to reach the deepest within of the subconscious to change what they want. Now their task – not to steal an idea, but to implement it. If they succeed, it will be the perfect crime. I realized they done this work in the best way. To my mind this film is very interesting and exciting, but it is necessary to understand . It is fantastical, but as for me it was interesting to see what we can do when we sleep.

Crucible essays

Crucible essays In literature as in life people often suffer severe tests of character. Sometimes they must defend their beliefs in the face of great opposition. In the drama The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, two characters showed this quality. John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse both suffered severe tests of character. In my opinion these characters are perfect examples of these type of people. Rebecca Nurse is a good example of a character that got tested. She sacrificed her life for her morals. When asked by Reverend Hale to she said wouldnt confess to witchcraft even to pardon her own life. Rebecca knew she would live if she confessed, but she wouldnt confess because she wouldnt tell a lie. She was a model person in this drama. Rebecca did such good deeds that people in other town had even heard of her. Thats why most people were shocked when they heard that she was put on trial for witchcraft. Rebecca was hung at the end of the drama for not confessing to witchcraft even though she was innocent. John Proctor is another good example of a character that got tested. He was not as that good of a person ,but he made up for it at the end of the drama. John had committed the crime of adultry during the play. He had cheated on his wife with Abby. He also did not go to church every Sunday. He was also accused of practicing witchcraft. Towards the end of the drama he was going to confess to say his life, but instead he chose the honorable thing to do and let them hang him. John Proctor did not want them to ruin his name. In my opintion he made many mistakes in his life, but he made up for all of them by dying life a hero. I think the Crucible showed how heroic some people can be even when faced with death and they defended there beliefs no matter what was going to happen to them. John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse were two great examples of these type of people. Both their characters were severely tested, and they...

Psychological diagnosis essays

Psychological diagnosis essays Psychological diagnosis of Jack Nicholson's character in "As Good As It Gets" Jack Nicholson's character "Melvin Udall" in the film "As Good As It Gets" meets the criteria outlined in the DSM-IV for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCD). The character of Melvin demonstrates the high needs for order, perfection, and control seen in patients with OCD. Much of his time is dominated by getting prepared and organized. Furthermore, his over-attention to what seem to most to be minor details prevents Melvin from necessarily seeing things from a larger perspective. Also, Melvin does not have any meaningful personal relationships, which is also characteristic of people with OCD. He wants everyone to cater to his way of doing things, and doesn't allow for the give and take necessary for friendships. Melvin appears stiff and impossible to others, unable to feel any emotions or empathy. Overall he seems not to be happy. Melvin's extreme need for order, perfection and obsessive control is evident through his varied compulsive behaviors. When Melvin enters his apartment, he closes the door and proceeds to turn each lock on his door five times. This is obviously an irrational behavior, but Melvin feels it is necessary to heed to this routine each and every time his door is opened and then closed. Also, while walking down the street as well as within buildings, Melvin avoids stepping on cracks in the sidewalk or between tiles at all costs. Melvin eats at the same restaurant, at the same table, with the same waitress every day. He also orders the exact same meal, and becomes very irate if anything in this context does not go according to his routine. Melvin also has an unreasonable obsession with cleanliness. Each time he washes his hands he uses a brand new bar of soap. In fact, he uses a new bar of soap for not only each wa...

Special Education Essays

Special Education Essays Special Education Essay Special Education Essay Education is one of the main pillars of countries. Many societies have made great progress by giving importance to the field of education. It is a world wide known fact that educated people make a undeniable contribution to the development of their countries. Also, education plays a significant role in transmitting accumulated knowledge, customs and values from one generation to the next. On the other hand, education has certain malfunctions in some stages of its framework. In this article, I ant to talk about special education for the students who lack of some learning abilities and the students who are given to special interests by educators. I want to begin with a book that I read before: House Rules by Jodi Picoult. This book tells a special child with Aspergers syndrome from a mothers tongue. Aspergers syndrome is a kind of autism and Jacob has its characteristics. For instance, structure is important for Jacob, thats why his mom created house rules: 1 . Tell the truth 2. Brush your teeth 3. Take care of your brother and so on. One day, Jess Ogivy, caretaker of Jacob, is found dead and nobody knows who really did it and all the suspicions on the boy with autism and nobody thinks the matter between Justice and illness. This book affected me deeply and I wanted to share it with you. My another point is the giving no importance to the students interests and abilities, and the fact that they are being misdirected are incredible mistakes because these really affect their future career and life in a negative way. Especially, this issue hasnt been taken into consideration eriously by experts or other authorized persons in our country. People around the students should be aware of the fact that every individual has his/her own interests and skills, and they should leave them kids alone about what they want to be and revealing their predominant attributes. All in all, I wanted to attract your attention and make people more sensitive towards these issues. Also, I wanted to emphasize the roles of parents and teachers about determining students future career and development of them in their interests.

Forms of Multimedia and Potential Developments essays

Forms of Multimedia and Potential Developments essays Forms of Multimedia and Potential Developments The purpose of forensic facial reconstruction is to produce an image from a skull which offers a sufficient likeness of the living individual that it will facilitate identification of skeletal remains when there are no other means available. Although facial reconstruction had begun in the nineteenth century, the method gained notoriety with the work of Gerasimov (1968), depicted on film in Gorky Park. These traditional 'plastic' methods use modelling clay or plasticine to build up the depth of tissue on the skull (or a cast of the skull) to that of a living individual. Tissue depths are known for 'landmark' sites on the skull; the depths elsewhere are interpolated between these points (Figure 1) and then into the interstices (Figure 2). The shape of the eyes, nose and mouth cannot be confidently predicted and are largely guesswork (Figure 3). Even for skilled practitioners, plastic reconstructions take one or two days. The results obtained will differ between reconstructions and bet ween practitioners. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Left to right: Figure1.Establishment of tissue depths at landmark sites on the skull (in white) and the interpolation between these sites. Figure 2. Interpolation of tissue depths into the interstices. Figure 3. Completed "plastic" reconstruction. The shape of the eyes, nose and mouth are guesswork. The tissue depth measurements used tend to be those collected from cadavers in the early part of the twentieth century, or before. These measurements are biased because they come from small samples, because a dead person's tissues are not the same as in life, and because they take only limited account of the average differences known to occur between people of different age, build and sex, and between the major human diversity aggregates. For over a century, forensic artists and scientists have been attempting to ...

Understanding the Role of a Wet Nurse

Understanding the Role of a Wet Nurse A wet nurse is a lactating woman who breastfeeds a child who is not her own. Once a highly organized and well-paid profession, wet nurses had all but disappeared by 1900. Before the invention of infant formula and feeding bottles made wet nursing virtually obsolete in Western society, aristocratic women commonly hired wet nurses, as breastfeeding was seen as unfashionable. The wives of merchants, doctors, and lawyers also preferred to employ a wet nurse rather than breastfeed because it was cheaper than hiring help to run their husbands business or manage a household. A Career for Poor Women Wet nursing was a common career choice for poor women among the lower classes. In many cases, wet nurses were required to register and undergo medical exams. During the Industrial Revolution, lower-income families used wet nurses as more and more women began working and were unable to breastfeed. The rural poor- peasant women- began to assume the role of wet nurses. The Advent of Formula While animal milk was the most common source for replacing human milk, it was nutritionally inferior to breast milk. Advances in science enabled researchers to analyze human milk and attempts were made to create and improve on nonhuman milk so that it could more closely approximate human milk. In 1865 chemist Justus von Liebig patented an infant food consisting of cows milk, wheat and malt flour, and potassium bicarbonate. The introduction of infant formula, the greater availability of animal milk, and the development of the feeding bottle reduced the need for wet nurses throughout the latter half of the 19th century and well into the 20th century. What's Different Now? After the rise of formula and the decline of wet nursing, the once common service has become almost taboo in much of the West. But as breastfeeding is an increasingly acceptable practice once more, mothers of infants are feeling the pressure once again to nurse. However, uneven maternity leave benefits around the nation and the real difficulties of breastfeeding mean that some women would likely benefit from returning to the age-old tradition of wet nursing. As The New Republic reported in 2014, sharing nursing responsibilities- whether by formally hiring a wet nurse or by figuring out an informal arrangement among friends- was looking to be a reasonable solution that could relieve the burden on working mothers without compromising their babies’ feeding. The practice remains controversial. Even the breastfeeding advocacy group, La Leche League, was discouraging the practice in 2007. According to spokeswoman, Anna Burbidge: There are very strong reservations against it, both medically and psychologically. There are potential hazards. The biggest risk is that of infection being passed from the mother to the child. Breast-milk is a living substance expressly designed by your body for your baby, not someone elses. Despite these risks, its not surprising that in this age of ridesharing and spare-room sharing, milk sharing is a phenomenon that some families are now trying. A Facebook group and milk-sharing sites have appeared, and according to a Netmums.com piece from 2016, the practice is on the rise. Their 2016 informal poll found that one in 25 women had shared their milk, and 5 percent of families had used milk from the more regulated source of a milk bank. As the taboo slowly lifts, this age-old practice may just make a real comeback. Source Stevens, Emily E., RN, FNP, WHNP, Ph.D., Thelma E. Patrick, RN, Ph.D., and Rita Pickler, RN, PNP, Ph.D. A History of Infant Feeding. The Journal of Perinatal Education at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Spring 2009.

Funny Friendship Day List of Quotes

Funny Friendship Day List of Quotes What is friendship without good-natured humor? You may have seen friends, who poke fun at each other, crossing all limits of decency. Does abrasive humor offend friends? Is there a shifting line of modesty between friends? How do you know when to pull the brakes when it comes to ribald humor? To an outsider, a crude joke between friends may seem offensive. You may wonder how friends can allow such indiscretion. What about self-esteem and dignity, you ask. However, you need to look deep into the core of friendship. When friendship is based on mutual trust, respect, and honesty, decorum and decency are merely superficial covers. True friends understand this at a subconscious level and dont feel threatened or insulted by their friends humor. The bond of friendship has enough resilience to absorb such shocks- some would argue that it grows stronger from it. Childhood Friends May Be the Closest Interestingly, it has been observed that childhood friendships are often more resilient than friendships formed later on in life. Children bare secrets to their closest friends, making pacts of secrecy to be honored till death. Also, children share an honest and open relationship with friends. Even years after friends grow into adults, childhood friends feel secure in each others company. So dont be surprised if you feel more at ease with your childhood friend, than you feel with your office colleagues. Sharing funny quips with friends who have a similar sense of humor doubles the potency of a joke. The sight of your friend rolling with laughter, after you shared a funny joke, makes you feel immensely satisfied. And if your friend is blessed with ready wit, he or she can add to the humor. Start Friendship Day With Humor Equip yourself with funny quotes, jokes, and anecdotes. Send out funny Friendship Day wishes and messages and spread the laughter. Give your friends a reason to smile with funny Friendship Day quotes. In the evening, catch up with a bunch of friends, and guffaw over a beer and barbecue. Hand out personalized Friendship Day gifts with Friendship Day quotes handwritten on them. Friendship Day Quotes Ralph Waldo Emerson A friend may well be reckoned the masterpiece of nature. Lord Samuel A friend in need is a friend to be avoided. Groucho Marx Outside of a dog, a book is mans best friend. Inside of a dog, its too dark to read. Erma Bombeck, Family: The Ties that Bind...And Gag! Friends are annuals that need seasonal nurturing to bear blossoms. Family is a perennial that comes up year after year, enduring the droughts of absence and neglect. Theres a place in the garden for both of them. Oscar Wilde A true friend stabs you in the front. Jim Hayes An old friend will help you move. A good friend will help you move a dead body. Ralph Waldo Emerson It is one of the blessings of old friends that you can afford to be stupid with them. Christian Slater I just killed my best friend... and my worst enemy. Whats the difference? Malcolm Bradbury Ive noticed your hostility towards him... I ought to have guessed you were friends. Bronwyn Polson Whoever says Friendship is easy has obviously never had a true friend! Groucho Marx When youre in jail, a good friend will be trying to bail you out. A best friend will be in the cell next to you saying, Damn, that was fun. Groucho Marx No one is completely unhappy at the failure of his best friend. Jerry Seinfeld, in The Bizarro Jerry Why would anybody want a friend? Jerry Seinfeld It reminds me of like this pathetic friend that everybody had when they were a little kid who would let you borrow any of his stuff if you would just be his friend. Thats what the library is. A government-funded pathetic friend. Erma Bombeck A friend never defends a husband who gets his wife an electric skillet for her birthday. Anne Lindbergh Men kick friendship around like a football and it doesnt seem to crack. Women treat it like glass and it falls to pieces. George Carlin One good reason to only maintain a small circle of friends is that three out of four murders are committed by people who know the victim. Bing Crosby There is nothing in the world I wouldnt do for (Bob) Hope, and there is nothing he wouldnt do for me ... We spend our lives doing nothing for each other.

Working thesis statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Working thesis statement - Essay Example In my earlier papers; one on Definition Essay which discussed fashion's negative impact on societies throughout history, and The Midterm Essay, wherein I discussed how the health and beauty industries have all along encouraged us to think of our bodies in terms of machines, I had maintained that health could not be compromised for the sake of appearance. To prove this, I quoted the names of Luisel Ramos and Ana Carolina Reston, who, seeking stardom and money, paid the supreme prize for their body abuse. Sad, but true, this is the life of models, who walk the ramps to the appeasement of a handful. In order to substantiate my argument that the two industries (Health and Beauty) in discussion have all along been more inclined to improve their personal interests, this research will take a look at what happens behind the scene. Fashion and beauty are but short-lived, life is not. Being identical to a Jane Fonda or an Arnold Schwarzenegger does not guarantee stardom or success. Every indiv idual on his or her own terms is as attractive as any other. It's all in the mind. Models have for long caught our attention as being pretty and sexy. The notion that men prefer women with a model's body is all wrong. Does this mean that women who are healthy are less attractive or pretty Definitely not! In fact, men prefer women with more flesh.

Write about the picture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Write about the picture - Essay Example These techniques allowed Kirkland to create entirely new visualizations for his ideas that were true to his artist’s vision His work is divided into these categories: Designed Realism,   Surrealism, Hard Edge Abstraction/Abstractions, Abstract Expressionism  and The Dot Paintings, with the latter ones focusing on depictions of the physical universe beyond earth’s atmosphere (Kirkland Muesum). Kirkland’s unique technique is clearly visible in the â€Å"Conception of Space Mysteries† painting which is designed to evoke the sense of inscrutability, grandeur and awe of the unknown space in the viewer. Kirkland himself was an avid fan of the discoveries of the cosmos and the advancement taking place in space exploration. His paintings try to depict the wonder of the yet unseen space as conceptualized through basic human senses of sight. The Director of the Museum of Modern Art, Vienna, Là ³rà ¡nd Hegyi had this to say about the painter â€Å" in his later work, he developed a visionary art which mystically empathized with the entire universe, gavecosmic universality visual form in explosive images and used panel painting to convey the perpetually changing state of the universe.† (Hegvi, p65) The painting masterfully uses the bold shades of red and purple as the background to convey the awesome power and force of the galaxies, contrasted against lighter, more subtle shades of blue, green and yellow to give the painting depth. By mixing oil and water, Kirkland is also able to provide a textured surface to his painting that provide a different feel to his space era paintings; the surfaces even resemble the rugged surfaces of a moon’s crater to the more imaginative. It can certainly be implied that the painter carefully formed the style of painting that would allow him to project visuals of the space as he conceived them- as something very different

Politics and media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Politics and media - Research Paper Example For effective intersubjectivity, the producer of the message needs to adapt it according to receivers’ interpretive process. On the other hand in order to effectively understand the message, the receiver needs to interpret the message in accordance to its source. Key Challenges to Achieving Intersubjectivity in a Fractured Media Landscape The media landscape is changing. Presently people are shifting from traditional forms of media like newspaper and television to the web , blogs, RSS feeds and social media sites to obtain their news updates. Initially what had been a passive audience has now become active with the help of these non traditional media (Jisun. Et al, 2011). The users are now capable of filtering, sharing and commenting on news. Just like all walks of life, politics too has been greatly influenced by the new media. Since 2008, politicians would not think whether or not to use the new media, but how to incorporate it. President Obama is often cited as one of the k ey candidates who changed the face of political campaigning by utilizing networking sites like MySpace and Facebook. Some even claim that President Obama’s success in Iowa had a great deal to do with his ability to mobilize young voters through the new media (Perlmutter, 2008, p.160). He was effectively able to achieve intersubjectivity through his campaign by truly understanding the needs of his listeners. The youth generally perceived politics are dirty and didn’t want to get involved, through his campaign President Obama attempted to make politics inspiring and interesting. He also chose the best media—the social website to aggressively deliver the message. The use of SNS cannot be applied in all instance because according to a survey it was found that the greater the political involvement of a voter, the less likely they were to use SNS for political information. This suggests that although SNS is significant in the US as a political tool for furthering the same thoughts in politics or for campaigns and for acquiring support, other resources also need to be utilized to gain favor of politically active voters. According to the intersubjectivity groundwork set out by Hewes and Planalp, a similar concept was propagated by Hawkins and Daly who proposed that communication depends on knowledge. And in order to have effective communication cognition is mandatory. The producer of the message should be capable of relaying their intent and the receiver of the message must be able to attach cognitive meaning to them (Hawkins & Daly, 1988, p.222). In order to reach a consensual meaning of the message both the parties should have shared meaning and cognitive variables. Selective Reinforcing and Challenge Avoidance As we have established that cognition is vital to intersubjectivity, any lack thereof can result in failure to achieve intersubjectivity. Once the receiver or producer is engaging in selective reinforcement of the messages, they are alter ing the cognition. Through selective exposure, the receiver or producer picks the elements from the message that suits them and filters out the rest of the information. This selective exposure can enable them to intentionally focus their attention towards structural features or physiological characteristics—

Professional organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional organization - Essay Example ACN will be in equipping me with the necessary information that will enhance my capacity to advance my nursing education, research, and eventually my career. Importantly, participating in AACN’s activities will be essential in developing my capacity in providing quality care to my patients in an effective and efficient manner that promoted safety. AACN invites new members to participate in its program that matches new deans with mentors who have expertise in the field. Through participating in this program, my experienced mentor will help me achieve the objectives of learning the approaches to become conversant with my roles as a nurse leader and build my leadership skills in the nursing field. Besides, participating in these programs will be instrumental in capacity building of my leadership skills in finance. The Doctor of Nursing Program (DNP) is the future in nursing education and research. In this case, this program will move the advanced nursing practice from its current master’s level to the doctorate level. In line with this, I want to expand my practice in nursing and enroll in this program. In effect, AACN has been on the forefront in building capacity and developing this program in nursing. Hence, my membership with this organization will be of the essence since it has already established the necessary framework to guide its members to join DNP programs while its database will provide literature for nursing

The right brothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The right brothers - Essay Example One of these was a toy helicopter, which sparked a love for flying in the brothers. When the toy broke down, the brothers made a replacement, a feat that illustrated their future inventive capabilities (The Wright Story, 2010). The brothers’ childhood appears to have been highly enriched by their father’s travel and family relocations to various locations in the Mid West, familial encouragement in intellectual pursuits and natural boyhood curiosity, enterprise and inventiveness (The Wright Story 2010). Milton Wright’s strict discipline, farming background experience and Susan’s mechanical ability to make useful things with her hands were imparted into their children in a warm, loving and encouraging family atmosphere. The Wright brothers were exposed to a wide ranging world of ideas through the literature in the family library, as well as their father’s travel experiences (The Wright Story 2010). Despite not being well schooled, the brothers were brought up in a creative and intellectual environment that suited pursuit of varying challenges (Wright Brothers n. d.). Wilbur was a bright, outgoing, robust and studious child who excelled in his academic pursuits and had plans to attend Yale University after graduating from high school (Wilbur 2015). However, an accident in the 1885-86 fall at the hands of an opponent’s an ice hockey stick disfigured his face resulting in a depression, drop out from high school and cancellation of college attendance plans. He became recluse, spending more time at home reading, helping out his father in his religious work and looking after his sick mother (Wilbur 2015). Susan Wright later died from tuberculosis. Orville was a mischievous and curious child given to playing pranks. Despite the fact that his family encouraged his intellectual development and academic pursuit, Orville was once expelled from school due to hi mischief. He especially loved flying kites and started making his

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Global Warming - Essay Example Various reasons have been given to justify their disbelief. The sceptics reason that contrary to allegations by advocates, the increase in carbon monoxide in the atmosphere has enhanced wheat production by 50 to 75 percent, vegetables by 51%, and increased vitamin and antioxidant concentration in the produce. According to these detractors, the present increase in global temperatures is due to natural causes such as solar activity, volcanic activity, and so on, and that car and industrial emissions are too insignificant to cause climate change. Other reasons are given mostly in terms of dollars and cents. For instance, one website entitled Global Warming Lies (2010), manned by a webmaster who chose to remain anonymous, cites the $400 billion yearly cause as the major reason for not joining the Kyoto Protocol (the worldwide agreement to significantly reduce carbon emissions). So far the United States is the only country in the world that has continually refused to affix its signature o n the agreement (UNFCCC, 2010). Recently, the spate of cold weather was also cited as proof that global warming did not exist, because the weather was so cold, not warm (Charisse, 2010). To this, advocates have responded soundly, According to Fitzpatrick (2010), the present extended period of cold and snowy weather over North America is actually confirmation that global warming is still happening. Global warming does not mean that the world is getting warmer, but that weather extremes are being experienced in different parts of the globe. Presently, there is an El Nino weather disturbance, the warmer than usual sea surface temperatures over the East Pacific. The phenomenon causes many more storm systems to develop over North America, and energizes the jet stream. Furthermore, the negative North Atlantic Oscillation has created a

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example L&D of employees gives them the required motivation to continue working in the organisation. Therefore, it is important to note that employee L&D initiatives aim at capacity building which essentially translates to higher performance and increased efficiency. Organisations are required to meet set targets and remain focused on their vision and mission and a skilled and knowledgeable workforce bridges the gap between targets and achievements. This paper will look into L&D strategies in organisations, methods of L&D and leaning styles and models at work. L&D strategy in organisations L&D strategies are vastly used by managers to manage the different talents within an organisational setting while building a culture of development. In order to accomplish these successfully, determination of employees’ development needs is essential. A great deal of learning within an organisation occurs as employees interact with one another and the management needs to encourage this development. Peer coaching programs can be of assistance where skills are transferred from one employee to the other. Formal mentoring approaches can also be initiated so as to attain specific development objectives and they include needs assessment, program design and management, mentor and mentee and evaluation programs (Wilton 2010). Learning groups can also be used where peers come up with specific goals to achieve which are embedded in a practical structure. Leadership development skills can also be imparted through learning groups where a senior member of staff brings forth discussions on real scenarios in the workplace. These groups use case studies, presentations and problems solving discussions among others in order to enhance understanding of concepts. Tasks at the workplace can also serve to boost employee skills acting as on-the-job learning. A good L&D strategy needs to have certain elements one of them being a sound L&D philosophy which entails a clearly defined structure which L&D initiatives should follow. Secondly, aims of the L&D strategy should be well spelt out in order to facilitate direction of organisation’s energy and resources. Priorities for L&D also need to be put forth so as to give sequence of events (Mayo 2004). The strategy should also include transferring of responsibilities bestowed on senior management to lower ranking staff. It is important to note that learning is both formal and informal as briefly highlighted above. Informal learning is quite relevant to employee needs while formal one is relevant to needs of some people and not others. Informal learning involves taking care of individual needs while formal teaches the same things to all irrespective of unique needs. Informal learning is learner centred while the other is trainer centred (Clifford and Thorpe 2007). Informal learning is easily transferable while the formal one is at times hard to apply. Formal learning is predominantly in the work setting while formal one happens elsewhere. Organisational learning enhances good management skills thereby facilitating management development. Organisational learning interrelates with learning culture which ensures that all employees are continuously learning as they work. In order to develop a working culture an organisation should have a vision that is shared by all. It should endeavour to empower employees through policies, behaviour expectations and ceding as much responsibility as possible to facilitate growth in decision making skills (Clifford and Tho

Mans Relationship to other Life Forms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mans Relationship to other Life Forms - Essay Example Even though concepts and theories differ among various creation myths, man's teaching and attributes in its entirety are initially concerned with his direct individual experiences. Man is well regarded for his impressive knowledge, and because of this God distributed blessings like other life forms to the humans for their benefit. This creation myth according to the Bible has been connected by a number of historical references, wherein man is charged with or linked with having a critical responsibility in the survival of other created life forms. The Bible mentions that the correlation between man's critical thinking and the execution of logical reasoning in order to take care of the other created life forms is clearly relevant. In every case, it is essential for every person to think critically and execute logical decisions so that they will be able to attain excellent results in their decisions. It was a procedure that man attained and learned only through perseverance, dedication, and a dynamic desire towards learning. The relationship of aspects such as religion, superstition, beliefs and customs are most the time connected to man's responsibility of taking care of other created life forms.

Strategic Analysis and Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 2

Strategic Analysis and Choice - Essay Example Once the company’s products have been identified and measured within the matrix it is then possible to determine the following objectives which are the framework for strategic management within an organization. Cash Cows: This part of the matrix represents the products that generate more cash than they require to operate. They will have a high market share, but exist in a low-growth market. As they generate cash they can be utilized in other parts of the business. Problem children (or question marks): These require cash inputs and function in a growing market where their market share should be maintained or increased. These products have a low market share but need cash subsidies to enable the market to build up and increase and make these products viable profit engines in the future. Stars: This element of the matrix exists in the fast growing market and has high market shares. They are the high achievers, but need constant cash injections in order to sustain the position they are in. After a time they will move into another area of the matrix. But whilst in the position of star they need continual harvesting. Dogs: Exist in the low growth market and have a low share of the market. They are often seen to have little purpose within an organization except to drain funds and are generally at the stage where they need to be divested or fall into liquidation. The tremendous impact this company has had is largely a result of its continued pursuit of low prices, for the benefit of retailers, manufacturers, the culture of shopping, the shape of our communities, and ensuring wages and employment costs are kept low. Wal-Mart is the largest company in the history of the world. Americans spend on average $26 million almost every hour at Wal-Mart, every day of the year. Because they sell at such low prices Wal-Mart is estimated to save US shoppers $10 billion a year. Although it must be added

A wireless solution for a sporting goods company Research Paper

A wireless solution for a sporting goods company - Research Paper Example Retrieved December 05, 2012, from http://www.att.com/network/ 22 Executive Summary At the present, the majority of organizations use computers to carry out their day to day tasks. In this scenario, they use computers to collect, process, and store business and customer related data and information. However, when the size of business increases they need many people to carry out these tasks simultaneously. For this purpose, they build a network of computers in the firm. In a computer network, computers are connected with each other. They can share data and resources with each other. There are different ways and technologies that can be adopted to implement a computer network. In this scenario, wireless networks is a latest form of networking. Some of the other categories of wireless networking are: WLAN, 3G, 4G, WiFi, WiMax and various other standards and tools. They offer wonderful services and facilities to personal life and business areas. Hence, seeing these advantages of wireless networks the management of the Athlete’s Shack (TAS) has decided to implement new Wireless technology based WLAN. The major aim of the Athlete’s Shack (TAS) is to enhance overall corporate credibility and develop better performance based arrangement at a corporation. Introduction I have been hired as a technology consultant at Wireless Technology Company (WTC). WTC Company helps organizations and businesses resolve issues regarding network planning and design. I have been asked to write a report to propose a wireless networking solution for the Athlete’s Shack. In this report, I will present a detailed analysis of WLAN architecture for the Athlete’s Shack (TAS). This project (the implementation of the WLAN at Athlete’s Shack (TAS)) will involve implementing a wireless technology that will connect all of its stores through wireless broadband service, installing WLANs at each store, and providing its employees with iPads for better customer service. Additionally, TAS is unsure how to start this process. Thus, they have hired the services of our firm for completing this project. This report will discuss various aspects of wireless network design and its implementation. This report will also discuss the issues involved in this project. Problem Situation The Athlete’s Shack (TAS) runs its business through a chain of sporting goods stores. In the past few years, TAS has got massive popularity and now it has 10 stores in the area. Before, TAS was running its business through manual and traditional means. Additionally, the technology based systems and tools were used at a very small level. In this scenario, all the stores of the Athlete’s Shack were completely disconnected from each other. Hence, they required a solution that can better support and facilitate the corporate operations and dealings. TAS was facing the following problems through traditional ways: Lack of communication Lack of data security Redundancy of da ta Complex management of business operations Less hold/control of management Long term processing cycle Difficult order processing cycle No centralized

Cases of cyber attacks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cases of cyber attacks - Case Study Example The historical landscape of how wars are fought changed drastically when Information Technology was used by developed countries to attack one another.Instead of bullets and guns, critical websites of government and news agencies are hacked or defaced to express political statement and display of IT power. In this paper,a comparison of three cases of cyber terrorism would be discussed to enable people understand the nature, power and threat caused by cyber attacks. Likewise, the governments’ initiatives to response to similar threats in the future are also included in this report. The case of the cyber attack in Estonia. In 2007, Estonia experienced a massive DDOS attack which paralyzed most of its government websites. Although Russian authorities denied the attack, the Estonian government highly believed that it was from Russia. The attack happened after a political issue which involved removing Estonia’s transfer of a Soviet war memorial in Talinn to a military cemeter y ( A cyber riot, The Economist.com). The cyber attack is considered a DDoS or Distributed Denial Of Service. According to searchsecurity, techtarget.com, DDoS happens when â€Å" a multitude of compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing a denial of service; hence, the target system is forced to shut down which prevents legitimate users to receive service†. The main targets were banking institutions, schools, government websites and other institutions; however, the first launch targeted government sites. The government’s response was to shutdown all mobile phone networks as well as banking systems which really caused a lot of inconvenience to the public. The event was catastrophic enough to prompt NATO security experts to head to Estonia and investigate on the matter. A youth group known as Nashi meaning â€Å"Our† claimed the attack through its spokes person Konstantin Goloskokov which was funded by private business groups ( Shachtman, Wired.co m). Estonia has reacted by creating a Cyber Defense League composed of specialists. It also came up with a Cyber Security Strategy in 2008 that would provide as framework for improving its defense against cyber attacks. Ossetia’s cyber-attack on Georgia in 2008 In 2008, Russia was accused by Ossetia for hacking its government and commercial websites. The attack on Georgia was believed to be a part of Russia’s military support in South Ossetia. The target of the attack included government websites according to a report on smh.com.au, the cyber attack included: 1. The Georgian Parliament main website has been defaced. The website content showed images of Adolf Hitler which replaced the picture of then Prime Minister Saakashvili; 2. The servers of Azerbaijani Day was disabled; As a result, some of the government’s website like Ministry of Foreign Affairs created a temporary site on the Google Blogger to safely disseminate information. Even news agency servers were attacked that time which really alarmed other countries. The main culprit of the attack was South Ossetia Hack Crew which came from a group of programmers from Russia. Today.az reported that â€Å"Russian intelligence services â€Å"were responsible for the attack (today.az,2008). The cyber attack is similar to the DDoS attack that happened in Estonia in 2007. As aforementioned, a DDoS attack would force the target to shut down which denies the legitimate users to access the site. After the attack, different governments such as Ukraine, Poland and Estonia helped Georgia by mirroring the web pages, it was a historic moment in history when Estonia came to the aid of this country (Schachtman, 2008 July). Indeed, Georgia learned a valuable lesson like Estonia which prompted its government to focus on cyber security measures. The National Security Council of Georgia created a Computer Emergency Response Team that can immediately respond to cyber attacks. Similarly, it has been enhancin g security measures by continuously monitoring government websit